- Please note that some of these letters are very similar to English letter sounds e.g.: /Bā’/ is very close to the letter 'B' in the English language, this is a useful way to remember the sounds of the letters. However many letters have no equivalent sounds in English e.g.: /ξayn/, and some letters have subtle but important differences in pronunciation, e.g.: /Hā’/ which is pronounced with a lot more emphasis in the throat than the letter 'H' in English.
- Finally, please note that the Arabic script is read from right to left. Please read the letters below starting from the right and reading each letter to the left.
Now examine the tables below :
this is the arabic alphabet
In Arabic , the Letters of word are linked , like handwriting in english ,so the letters change in different positions .
all the arabic letters can linked by adding ( ــــــ ) before or after the letter except " ا - ز - ر - ذ - د - و " we can add ( ـــــ ) just before the letter .
This chart shows how the letters change in different positions
There are 3 short vowels in Arabic, called fatHa, Damma and kasra.
They are written above or below the consonants they follow..
Like we said earlier, Arabic is mostly written using only consonants,
i.e. the short vowels are not added. Throughout this course, however,
texts are fullly vocalized with short vowels and suffixes.
So, when a text doesn't have short vowels, how will the reader know how to read it?
Arabic grammar is tightly structured, and words are
built according to set formulas. This enables the reader to know where
the short vowels should be, and with some practice it becomes second
nature.
The three short vowels:
 |
 |
 |
||
| kasra | Damma | fatHa |
" Fatha " is a short a like in bag
"Damma" is like a short german u in Quran 
" Kassra " like i in in
Transcription
| Pronunciation |
Letter name |
Letter shape | |
| ' | a "stop sound" produced by closing the vocal cords (the air stops for just a moment) | hamza |  |
| 3 | a guttural sound produced by compression of the throat and expulsion of breath | 3ayn |  |
| a | short a, like in bag | fatHa | |
| aa | long a, like in care | 'alif |  |
| b | like the English b | baa' |  |
| D | a d with the tongue pressed against the upper gum, at the edge of the upper teeth | Daad |  |
| d | like the French d | daal |  |
| dh | like th in this | dhaal |  |
| f | like the English f | faa' |  |
| gh | a gargling sound, somewhat similar to the French r | ghayn |  |
| H | like a hissing h | Haa' |  |
| h | like the English h | haa' |  |
| i | like i in in | kasra | |
| ii | like ee in screen | yaa' |  |
| j | like j in job | jiim |  |
| k | like the English k | kaaf |  |
| kh | like the German ch in Achtung | khaa' |  |
| l | like the German l | laam |  |
| m | like the English m | miim |  |
| n | like the French n | nuun |  |
| q | like a k with the tongue farther back | qaaf |  |
| r | like the Spanish r | raa' |  |
| S | an s with the tongue pressed against the upper gum, at the edge of the upper teeth | Saad |  |
| s | like s in sand | siin |  |
| sh | like sh in shell | shiin |  |
| T | a T with the tongue pressed against the upper gum, at the edge of the upper teeth | Taa' |  |
| t | like the French t | taa' |  |
| th | like th in think | thaa' |  |
| u | like the short German u | Damma | |
| uu | like oo in boot | waaw |  |
| w | like w in we | waaw | |
| y | like y in yes | yaa' | |
| Z | a z with the tongue pressed against the upper gum, at the edge of the upper teeth | Zaa' |  |
| z | like z in zoom | zaa' |  |
Arabic Alphabet Song
Dont Forget to write your first Arabic word " سلام " (Salam = Hi )
